Process such as weathering, mass wasting, or erosion that is powered by the sun and transforms solid rock into sediment. Alternate heating and cooling causing expansion and contraction of particles causing them to change their positions. Wikipedia defines weathering as, weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the earths atmosphere, biota and waters. Slope failure, also referred to as mass wasting, is the. This article talks about the significance of weathering. Weathering the disintegration and decomposition of material at or near the surface mass wasting the transfer of rock material downslope under the influence of gravity erosion the incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, usually water, wind, or ice. Mass wasting notes mass wasting mass wasting is erosion when gravity is the direct cause causes water is the primary cause of mass wasting events o when the ground becomes saturated the water reduces the friction between the. All the exogenic processes are covered under a general term denudation, which means strip off or uncover. Under oceans this is known as sea floor spreading and creates midocean ridges. Weathering and mass wasting earths external processes weathering the physical breakdown and chemical decomposition of rock erosion physical removal and transport of material by a mobile agent, usually water, wind, or ice mass wasting transfer of rock and soil downslope under the influence of gravity weathering two types. Earth science chapter notes and worksheets boiling. Slow and steady movement of soil and other fine materials along a very gentle slope.
It is the movement of masses of bodies of mud, bedrock, soil, and rock debris, which commonly happen along steepsided hills and mountains because of the gravitational pull. When earth material moves down a hillside as a fluidlike mass, it is called an earthflow. Slow but steady movement of soil or loose rock debris down slope. The processes which occur on earths surface due to the influence of exogenic forces are called as exogenic processes or exogenic geomorphic processes. Dynamic equilibrium equilibrium stability fluctuating around some average 3 4. Chapter 4 weathering and soil western oregon university. Weathering, erosion, and deposition weathering weathering the breakdown of rocks into soil types of weathering. The physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of a rock on land, is known as weathering. Weathering, mass wasting, erosion, and landscape change.
Fall a type of movement common to mass wasting processes that refers to the free falling of detached individual pieces of any size. Weathering and mass wasting free download as powerpoint presentation. Mechanical and chemical weathering fracturing, disintegration caused by mechanical weathering exposes more surface area. While these topics may appear to be disparate, you will learn how they are inherently related. Hughes, 2003 gros ventre landslide, wyoming there are many types of slope failure. Weathering is generally a long, slow process that is continuously active at the earths surface. Weathering is the mechanical breakdown or chemical decay of rocks insitu as a result of their exposure at or near the earths surface. Mass wasting includes such processes as creeping, soil and rock slides, topples and falls. This is a slow, gradual but more or less continuous movement of soil down the hill slopes. The pdf portable document format versions of the lecture notes are optimized for printing.
The impact of weathering and mass wasting on the landscape external processes are capable of wearing down anything internal forces can build. Weathering chemical weathering decomposition of rocks due to chemical reactions of minerals with heat and moisture rock breaks down into components through oxidation oxygen, hydrolysis water, carbonation carbon dioxide mass wasting pull of gravity alters landforms large and small materials pulled toward the. Mechanical weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by external conditions, such as. As the plates separate, rising hot magma comes to fill. Mechanical or physicaldisintegrationsmaller pieces frost wedgingwater freezes and expands in crack salt wedgingwater evaporates and crystals grow. These flows typically occur in humid areas on steep slopes with thick. Varieties of these are called earthflows, mudflows, and debris avalanches. Weathering, mass wasting, erosion, and deposition are the main exogenic processes. Loss of life and property from masswasting events can be prevented or mitigated by adequate assessment and planning based on geologic studies of previous occurrences. Denudation lowering of the surface of the continents.
Types of mass wasting include creep, slides, flows, topples, and falls, each with its. Physical weatheringany process that causes a rock to crack or break into pieces without changing it 2. Chemical weathering any process that causes rocks to breakdown by chemical action results in a change in composition. A search of the document itself finds only three standards related to weathering, mass wasting, erosion, and landscape change. Ridges are elevated mountain ranges on the ocean floor that consist of rock that is hotter and less dense than the older, colder plate. Chemical weatheringany process that causes rocks to breakdown by chemical action results in a change in composition. Learn about the process of mass wasting, the factors that must be. Slope failure landslides, mudflows, earthflows, and other mass wasting processes read chapter 5 in your textbook keller, 2000 geol g406 environmental geology s. During the weathering process the translocation of disintegrated or altered. It can take place at a slow almost imperceptible pace as in creep or quickly in the form of sudden rock falls and landslides. Gravity pulls rocks, soils and debris on a downward slope naturally without any chemical change.
When the soil is completely saturated with water the individual particles are almost suspended in the water and move easily over one another and over the underlying rock the soils acts like a liquid and a soilflow or. Physical weathering any process that causes a rock to crack or break into pieces without changing it 2. Weathering and mass wasting are controlled by the nature of the material and the conditions in which the material is exposed e. Topics include physical weathering, chemical weathering, and mass wasting. Ensure that you have accessed the resources denudation, weathering and mass wasting to be certain that you are adequately prepared for this quiz. Weathering and mass wasting weathering sedimentary. Masswasting is a unique geomorphological process destabilizing the surface rocks and soil mass. Mass wasting, also known as slope movement or mass movement, is the geomorphic process by which soil, sand, regolith, and rock move downslope typically as a solid, continuous or discontinuous mass, largely under the force of gravity, frequently with characteristics of a flow as in debris flows and mudflows. Exogenic geomorphic process gives rise to exogenic geomorphic movements or simply exogenic movements such as weathering and erosion. Exogenic geomorphic movements the geomorphic processes on the earths crust or its surface brought down by the forces emanating from above the earths surface wind, water are called exogenic geomorphic process. What is weathering and different types of weathering. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like banking po, ssc, state civil services exams and so on. Manishika jain further explains the 3 types of weathering biological, physical and chemical and finally 6 primary.
Mass wasting or mass movement is the movement of a large mass of rock, soil and debris downward due to the pull of gravity. Study 62 18 weathering, erosion, and mass wasting flashcards from kelsey h. Weathering, erosion, and deposition weathering weatheringthe breakdown of rocks into soil types of weathering. This lecture explains the basic difference between weathering and erosion. Notes and assignments form 3 geography weathering and mass wasting. Mechanical weathering enhanced where there are frequent freezethaw cycles. If your web browser has the proper plugin installed, clicking on the pdf will bring the file into your web browser from which you can then print the notes. Weathering denotes the process of wearing, breaking up, and fragmentation of the rock that creates the. Table of content weathering mass wasting erosion and deposition soil formation landscape geological cycles davis cycle penck cycle weathering weathering is the general term applied to the combined action of all processes that cause rock to disintegrate physically and decompose chemically because of ex posure near the earths surface through the elements of. Ncert notes on important topics for the upsc civil services exam. Erosion is the removal of sediments by natural processes e. Schwert, ndsu triggers for rapid mass wasting rain oversteepening cutting at foot of slope piling on head of slope deforesting devegetating earthquakes learning objectives understand basic slope processes and the causes of slope failure understand the role of driving and resisting forces on slopes and how. This quiz tests your knowledge of the processes involved in weathering and mass wasting. External land forming processes geography form 3 notes.
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